You feel fine, but your lab report says “high cholesterol.” For many people in Oxon Hill, this condition creeps in quietly and raises the risk of heart disease and stroke without any warning signs.
You might call it high cholesterol. Your doctor calls it hyperlipidemia. No matter what name you use, it’s a common problem that affects millions of people. The term hyperlipidemia covers several disorders that result in excess fats, also known as lipids, in your blood. While you can control some of its causes, others are beyond your control.
Understanding Hyperlipidemia
When you have hyperlipidemia, this means you have an excessive amount of lipids in your blood. This condition can lead to clogged arteries, increasing your risk of strokes and heart problems. Your body contains various types of lipids, with the most commonly known being HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, often referred to as “good” and “bad” cholesterol, respectively.
HDL stands for “high-density lipoprotein.” This type of lipoprotein carries cholesterol through your bloodstream to your liver, where it is used to build cells and produce hormones, among other functions. The liver also disposes of any excess cholesterol that is not utilized. If you do not have enough HDL, cholesterol can accumulate in your blood instead of being removed by your liver.
LDL, or “low-density lipoprotein,” is often referred to as “bad” cholesterol. It is responsible for the buildup of plaque in your arteries, and having too much LDL can lead to heart disease.
Triglycerides are another type of lipid and represent the most common form of fat in your body. They mainly come from foods high in fat that you consume.
Causes of Hyperlipidemia
Hyperlipidemia can arise from different lifestyle choices and medical conditions. Understanding these factors is the first step toward effective management.
Diet
Cholesterol, produced by your body and obtained from food, can elevate blood levels. Foods that contribute include:
- Cheese
- Egg yolks
- Fried and processed foods
- Ice cream
- Pastries
- Red meat
Lifestyle Factors
Risk factors from your daily habits include:
- Smoking
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Being overweight
- Lack of exercise
- High stress levels
Medical Conditions
Certain health issues can also affect cholesterol levels:
- Diabetes
- Liver disease
- Pancreatic disorders
- PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)
- Hypothyroidism
- Kidney disease
- Sleep apnea
Recognizing these factors can help you and your healthcare provider develop an effective management strategy.
Symptoms and Complications of Hyperlipidemia
The challenging aspect of hyperlipidemia is that many people are unaware they have it, as it usually presents no noticeable symptoms in its early stages. A blood test is the only way to get an accurate diagnosis. However, over time, high cholesterol and fats can accumulate in the arteries, leading to narrowed blood vessels and increased blood pressure.
When left untreated, hyperlipidemia can result in serious health complications:
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
CAD is the most common heart disease in the U.S., where clogged arteries hinder blood flow to the heart, potentially causing a heart attack or heart failure. Symptoms may include chest pain (angina) or other heart attack warning signs.
Heart Attack
Plaque buildup can lead to blood clots that block blood flow to the heart. Warning symptoms include:
- Chest pain
- Pain in the jaw, shoulder, arm, back, or neck
- Cold sweats
- Indigestion or nausea
- Shortness of breath
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
Women may experience pain in the back, neck, or arm rather than typical chest pain.
Fatty Deposits
In cases of inherited hyperlipidemia, yellow, fatty deposits may appear under the skin, known as xanthelasmas (near the eyelids) or xanthomas (in other areas like elbows and knees).
Management and Lifestyle Changes
The good news is that hyperlipidemia can often be effectively managed through lifestyle modifications. Consider implementing these evidence-based strategies:
Choose Healthy Fats
Use oils such as olive, sunflower, and canola instead of trans and saturated fats.
Increase Fiber Intake
Incorporate fiber-rich foods like oatmeal, fruits, kidney beans, and lentils to help reduce LDL (bad) cholesterol.
Add Fatty Fish
Eat fish like salmon and mackerel twice a week for omega-3 fatty acids, which help lower triglycerides.
Limit Sugary Foods
Avoid sugary drinks and limit added sugars in your diet.
Quit Smoking
Stopping smoking can boost HDL (good cholesterol) levels. Seek support and consider talking to your doctor about quitting aids.
Prioritize Sleep
Aim for at least 7 hours of sleep per night to support overall heart health.
Manage Stress
Practice stress-reduction techniques like meditation, yoga, or regular exercise.
Limit Alcohol
Restrict alcohol consumption to no more than one drink per day.
Stay Active
Aim for 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week, which can be split into shorter sessions if needed.
By implementing these strategies consistently, you can take significant steps toward managing your hyperlipidemia and reducing your risk of cardiovascular complications.
You Don't Have to Manage It Alone
Going through checkups and understanding your lab results can feel overwhelming. That’s where a specialist makes all the difference. At Hilltop Endocrinology, Dr. Kehinde Folawewowe specializes in hyperlipidemia and other complex factors that influence your health.
We don’t just treat the numbers on a lab report; we treat the whole person. We take the time to understand your unique health profile, lifestyle, and goals to create a tailored treatment plan that is realistic and effective for you.
If you’re concerned about your cholesterol levels or have been diagnosed with hyperlipidemia, taking the next step is the most important thing you can do for your health.
Schedule a consultation with Dr. Folawewowe today to create your personalized path to better heart health.
